Molecular markers and their application in grain legumes breeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/jfl.v21i1.1989Keywords:
Genetic linkage map, Grain legumes, Marker-assisted selection, Molecular markers, QTLAbstract
In recent years, there have been great advancements in molecular marker technology, making it one of the most powerful tools for improving the selection efficiency in plant breeding. Molecular markers have several advantages compared to the morphological or biochemical markers and have been used in a variety of applications including taxonomy, genetic diversity studies, gene tagging, genetic linkage map construction and comparative genome analysis. Molecular markers offer a great potential in improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding by indirectly selecting the trait of interest. Molecular markers tightly linked to many agronomically important genes have been identified in many crop plants. Marker-assisted selection has made it possible to rapidly and precisely transfer the desirable genes between the cultivars and introgress the novel genes into elite germplasm from wild species without any linkage drag. In addition, quantitative traits, traits which are controlled by many genes, could be deciphered into discrete Mendelian factors with the help of molecular markers. The development of saturated genetic linkage maps had greatly accelerated the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for many biotic and abiotic stresses. Further advancements in the molecular marker technology would help in the successful implementation of marker assisted selection in plant breeding programs. This review deals with different molecular marker techniques most commonly used in crop improvement and their applications in grain legumes breeding.
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