Liquid Rhizobium inoculant formulations to enhance biological nitrogen fixation in food legumes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/jfl.v20i1.2107Keywords:
Biological nitrogen fixation, Carrier based Rhizobium, Liquid Rhizobium inoculantAbstract
A liquid inoculant formulation was developed with higher shelf life of more than 540 days. Liquid Rhizobium inoculants (LRI) performed better than carrier based Rhizobium (CRI) inoculants in groundnut, soybean, chickpea and pigeonpea under field conditions. Nodule number per plant and grain yield were improved due to inoculation of liquid Rhizobium inoculants compared to carrier based Rhizobium inoculants in all tested crops.
References
Al-Rashidi RK, Loynachan TE and Frederick LR. 1982, Desiccation tolerance of four strains of Rhizobium japonicum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14: 489-493.
Apte SK and Bhagwat AA. 1989. Salinity-stress-induced proteins in two nitrogen fixing Anabaena strains differentially tolerant to salt. Journal of Bacteriology 171: 909-915.
Brockwell J, Bottomley PJ and Thies JE. 1995. Manipulation of rhizobia microflora for improving legume productivity and soil fertility: a critical assessment. Plant and Soil 174: 143-180.
Bushby HVA and Marshall KC. 1977. Some factors affecting the survival of root nodule bacteria on desiccation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 9: 143-147.
Gupta SC. 2005. Evaluation of liquid and carrier based Rhizobium inoculants in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 18(1):40- 42.
Joshi PK, Kulkarnni JH and Bhatt DM. 1990. Interaction between strains of Bradyrhizobium and groundnut cultivars. Tropical Agriculture 67(2): 115-118.
La Favre AK and Eaglesham ARJ. 1986. The effects of high temperature on soybean inoculation and growth with different strains of bradyrhizobia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32: 22-27.
Laemmli UK. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T, Nature 227: 680-685.
Levanony H, Bashan Y, Romano B and Klem E. 1989. Ultrastructural localization and identification of Azospirillum brasilense Cd on and within wheat root by immunogold labeling. Plant and Soil 117: 207-218.
Mahler RL and Wollum AG. 1981. The influence of soil water potential and soil texture on the survival of Rhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum isolates in soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 45: 761-766.
Mary P. Ochun D and Taillicz R. 1986. Growth status of rhizobia in relation to their tolerance to low water activities and desiccation stresses. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 18: 179-184.
Munchbach M, Nocker A and Narberhaus F. 1999. Multiple small heat shock proteins in rhizobia. Journal of Bacteriology 181: 83-90
Nambiar PTC. Srinivasa Rao B and Anjaiah V 1984. studies on competition persistence and methods of application of a peanut Rhizobium strain NC-92. Peanut Science 11: 83-87.
Okon Y and Itzigsh R. 1992. Poly-a-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense and the ecological role of PHB in the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Letter 103: 131-139.
Saxena D. Mohammed A and Khanna S. 1996. Modulation of protein profiles in Rhizobium sp under salt stress. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42: 617-620.
Singh M and Saxena MC. 1972. Field study on nitrogen fertilization of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 42: 1028-1031.
Smith LT, Allaith AM and Smith GM. 1994. Mechanism of osmotically regulated N-acetyl glutaminylglutamine amide production in Rhizobium melilott. Plant and Soil 161: 103-108.
Somasegaran P and Hoben HJ. 1985. Methods in legume Rhizobium Technology. Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of Hawaii. p. 367.
Tal S and Okon Y. 1985. Production of reserve material poly-a- hydroxybutyrate and its function in Azospirillum brasilense during balanced growth and starvation. Journal of General Microbiology 136: 1191-1196.
Thorne SH and Williams HD. 1997. Adaptation to nutrient starvation in Rhizobium leguminosarum by. phaseolt: Analysis of survival stress resistance and change in macromolecular synthesis during entry to and exit from stationary phase. Journal of Bacteriology 179: 6894-6901.
Vincent JM. Thompson AJ and Donovan KO. 1962. Death of nodule bacteria on drying. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 13: 258-270.
Zevehuizen LPTM. 1981. Cellular glycogen a1.2-glucan, poly-a- hydroxybutyric acid and extracellular polysaccharides in fast growing species of Rhizobium. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 47: 481-497.
