SSR and ISSR marker-assisted evaluation of genetic diversity in horse gram cultivars and radiation induced mutants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53550/jfl.v39i1.2480Keywords:
Genetic Diversity, Horse Gram, ISSR, Mutants, PCoA, PIC, Radiation, SSRAbstract
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an underutilized, drought- tolerant legume with significant nutritional and medicinal value but limited breeding improvement. To elucidate its genetic diversity, we evaluated 35 genotypes, including 28 mutants induced by gamma radiation of CRIDA18R, using 17 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 8 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers. Molecular marker analysis scored 145 loci, revealing 106 polymorphic loci (mean PIC = 0.346) and a pair-wise Jaccard similarity coefficient ranging from 0.557 to 0.925 (mean = 0.72), indicating moderate to high genetic similarity within the population. Among all the ISSR primers, UBC 820 and UBC 811 resolved the highest number of bands, amplifying 21 and 19 loci, of which 20 and 17 were polymorphic, respectively. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) partitioned the genotypes into two main clusters and four divergent lineages. Radiation-induced mutants revealed distinct patterns of genetic divergence, with most grouping within Cluster I, while mutants such as HM13, HM19, HM05, and HM27 formed independent lineages. Such distinct mutants potentially carry rare allelic combinations, making them promising, especially for introducing new and useful traits.
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