Comparative effectiveness and efficiency of electron beam and 60Co -rays in induction of mutations in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59797/journaloffoodlegumes.v29i1.536Keywords:
Electron beam, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Gamma rays, Mutation frequencyAbstract
Dry seeds of black gram cultivar TU94-2 was treated with different doses (200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy) of electron beam and -rays to study the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency on frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological mutation. A wide spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological mutations was observed in M2 generation of -rays and electron beam treated population. Xantha was the most frequent chlorophyll mutant in both -rays (2.3%) and electron beam (4.3%) treated populations. Spectrum of morphological mutations observed were common for both -rays and electron beam treated populations except early seedling vigour, terminal pod bearing, three primary leaves and partial sterile mutants which were specifically observed in electron beam treated M2 population. However, overall morphological mutation frequency was higher (9.6%) in electron beam treated population in comparison to -rays treated population (6.6%). Frequency of pod and root mutants were high (0.32% and 0.45%) in electron beam treated population in comparison to -rays treated population (0.23% and 0.35%). There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll and morphological mutations in both -rays (upto 400 Gy) and electron beam (upto 500 Gy) treated M2 population. The electron beam was found to have higher effectiveness, efficiency and mutation rate than -rays of similar doses. Overall effectiveness was higher (0.061) in electron beam treatments when compared to -rays treatments (0.034). Mutation rate based on chlorophyll and morphological mutants was higher (8.3 and 2.4) in electron beam in comparison to gamma rays treated M2 population (4.1 and 1.7). This study shows that electron beam can be used as an effective mutagen for induction of mutations in black gram.
References
Baojiang G, Yuyuan W and Jihong R. 1982. Studies on the mutagenic effect of 5 MeV electron irradiation on rice. Acta Genetica Sinica 9: 461-467.
Baojiang G, Qishen P and Kolman A. 1989. Cytogenetic effects of electron-beam radiation on dry seed storage. Heriditas 110: 113-115.
Brock RD. 1965. Induced mutations in black gram. Rad. Bot. 5: 451-464.
Calaldecatt RS. 1955. The effects of X-rays, 2-Mev electrons, thermal neutrons, and fast neutrons on dormant seeds of barley.New York Acad. Sci. 59: 514-535.
Chen J, Zhe J, Shuhua L, Yajuan L and Yufeng Z. 1995. The development of the nonvacuum pulse electronic beam apparatus and its mutagenic effects on pea seeds. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences 1: 7-12.
Deepalakshmi AJ and AnandaKumar CR. 2004. Creation of genetic variability for different polygenic traits in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) through induced mutagenesis. Legume Research 27: 188-192.
Gaul H. 1964. Mutations in plant breeding. Radiation Botany 4: 155–232.
Gupta S, Singh BB and Kumar S. 2005. Pedigree analysis of urd bean varieties released in India. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 18: 153-155.
Goyal S. and S. Khan. 2010. Induced mutagenesis in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper): A review. International Journal of Botany 6: 194-206.
Hase Y, Akita Y, Kitamura S, Narumi I and Tanaka A. 2012. Development of an efficient mutagenic technique using ion beam: Towards more controlled mutation breeding. Plant Biotechnology 29: 193-200.
Hoglund E, Blomquist E, Carlsson J and Stenerlow B. 2000. DNA damage induced by radiation of different linear energy transfer: initial fragmentation. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 76: 539-547.
Ignacimuthu S and Babu CR. 1988. Radio sensitivity of the wild and cultivated urd and mung beans. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 48: 331 342.
Jia XJ, Liu SL, Zhang L, Mi GD, Zhang YL and Chen LH. 2005. Screening of rapamycin producing strain by high energy electrons mutation. Journal of the Hebei Academy Sciences 22: 27–29.
Joshi-Saha A, Reddy KS, Petwal VC and Dwivedi J. 2015. Identification of novel mutants through electron beam and gamma irradiation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Food Legumes 28: 1-6.
Khan MH and Tyagi SD. 2010. Studies on effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and their combination in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2: 55-58
Kharkwal MC. 2000. Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) IV. Types of macro-mutations induced. Indian Journal of Genetics and plant Breeding 60: 305-320.
Konzak CF, Nilan RA, Wagner J and Foster RJ. 1965. Efficient chemical mutagenesis. Radiation Botany 5(Suppl.): 49-70.
Lal GM, Toms B and Lal SS. 2009. Mutagenic sensitivity in early generation in blackgram. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1: 9-11.
Li GQ, Yu SH and Li M. 1988. Study of the effect of electron beam on Soybean radiation mutation. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jilinensis 10: 57-62.
Luo WX, Li YS, Wu BM, Tian YE, Zhao B, Zhang L, Yang K and Wan P. 2012. Effects of electron beam radiation on trait mutation in azuki bean (Vigna angularisi). African Journal of Biotechnology 11: 12939-12950.
Lu W, Su YM and Song GY. 1995. Comparison of electron beam and ray irradiated seeds of Sorghum. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences 16: 160-163.
Magori S, Tanaka A, Kawaguchi M. 2010. Physically induced mutation: ion beam mutagenesis. In: The Handbook of Plant Mutation Screening. Kahl G. and Meksem K. (Eds.), WILEY VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 3-16.
Makeen K and Babu GS. 2010. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, sodium azide and their synergistic effects in urd bean (Vigna mungo L.). World Journal of Agricultural . Sciences 6: 234-237.
Makeen K, Suresh BG, Lavanya GR and Kumari A. 2013. Study of chlorophyll and macromutations induced by gamma rays and sodium azide in urd bean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8: 5958-5961.
Mishra D and Singh B. 2014. Studies on effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 46: 34-43.
Park D and Vestal TA. 2002. Electron Beam 21st century food technology. http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87187/pdf_1751.pdf
Ramya B, Nallathambi G and Ganeshram S. 2013. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS in black gram (V. mungo L.). International Journal of Scientific Research 2: 5-9.
Rui JY, Jin JL, Ma XS, Huang PZ and Ma JH. 1995. Studies on the mutagenic effect of the electron beam in barley (hordeum vulgare) I. The effects on M1 and M2 generations. Journal of Radiation Research Radiation Processing 13: 33-37.
Shu QX, Li WH, Xia YW, Wu DX and Rui JY. 1996. Study on the M1 generation of the biological effects of electron beam implanted seeds of rice. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences 17: 162-164.
Souframanien J and Pandey RN. 2006. Mutational and biotechnological approaches for urdbean improvement; a review. Indian journal of pulses Research 19: 155-164.
Solanki IS and Sharma B. 1994. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethylene imine and N-nitroso N-ethyl urea in macrosperma lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54: 72-76.
Surendar R., C. Vanniarajan and J. Souframanien 2014. Effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens in gamma irradiated and EMS treated population of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). International Journal of Tropical Agriculture 32: 79-84.
Swami Nathan MS. 1957. Swedish mutation work in relation to plant breeding-A review. Special Symposium on Genetics and Plant Breeding in South Asia. Indian Journal of Genetics andPlant Breeding 17: 276-295.
Usharani KS and Anandakumar CR. 2013, Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and their synergistic effects in black gram [(Vigna mungo L.) Hepper]. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 1: 31-39.
Wang D, Ren SX, Li WF, Su Q and Su J. 2006. Plant growth of Ebeam irradiated or ion implanted seeds of ornamental Celosia. Journal of Radiation Research Radiation Processing 24: 188- 192.
Wani AA. 2009. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combination treatments in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 8: 318-321.
Xu XC, Zhou XH, Li GZ, Dai GQ, Wang PD and Wang BL. 1983. Inducing mutation by electron beam in Barley. Appl. Atomic Energy Agric. 4: 44-50.
Zhu H, Xu J, Li S, Sun X, Yao S and Wang S. 2008. Effect of highenergy-pulse-electron beam radiation on biomolecules. Sciencein China Series B-Chemistry 51: 86-91.
