Anti-fungal activities of soybean leaf surface fungal diffusates and spores against Alternaria alternata the causal agent of leaf spots
Keywords:
Alternaria alternata, Biomass, Leaf spot pathogen, Pathogenicity, SoybeanAbstract
The effect of non-volatile and volatile growth products and spore concentrations of ten dominant phylloplane fungi of soybean was assessed on growth and spore germination in vitro and on brown spot severity in vivo of pathogenic Alternaria alternata. Differential response in growth of the test pathogen was observed with culture filtrates of leaf surface fungi on solid and in liquid media. A total of 42 fungal taxa were isolated by the plate dilution method. Growth products of Acrophialophora fusispora, Fusarium semitectum, and Drechslera bicolor caused appreciable 33.32 %, 40.27 %, and 24.50%, respectively, decline in radial growth, while that of Trichoderma, Pseudokoningii, and D. bicolor inhibited dry weight increase of the pathogen. Stimulatory effect on growth of the test pathogen was obtained with culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger, Myrothecium verrucaria, and F. semitectum in liquid media. Antagonistic interaction was generally noted on spore germination, germ tube length, and number of germ tubes produced by the pathogen under the staling products of phylloplane fungi utilized. Volatiles emanated from cultures of phylloplane fungi caused a decline in the growth of the test pathogen, with superior results shown by D. bicolor and Curvularia Lunata. Brown spot severity caused by the pathogen on the leaf surface tended to reduce with increasing concentration of spores of the antagonists. Pathogenicity of A. alternata was shown to decline when spores of antagonists were applied 24 h before that of the pathogen. Quantitatively appreciable decline in growth of A. alternate in descending order was obtained with M. verrucaria, C. lunata and F. semitectum i.e. 43.56%, 40.64% and 40.27%, respectively. With the fungal diffusates significant reduction in brown spot disease severity, i.e. 60 % was obtained with spores of Aspergillus flavus, F. semitectum, and Penicillium Citrinum.
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